The degenerative hip diseases They affect millions of people around the world. These diseases cause pain and significant limitations in their daily lives. A possible treatment method is replacement or replacement of the joint with a prosthesis. This type of surgical procedure is known as hip arthroplasty. Every year, hundreds of thousands of people experience relief from pain and regain joint mobility after such an operation.
What is a hip replacement?
The hip prosthesis It is a set of components made of metal, plastic or porcelain, whose purpose is to replace said joint or damaged sections of it, eliminating pain and improving mobility.
Types of hip prosthesis
We can order the types of hip replacement Regarding the type of joint, whether the replacement is one or several pieces. Another possible classification would be to take into account the type of fixation they use. Below, we present both classifications:
Hip prosthesis depending on the type of joint
When only the femoral head is replaced, the patient undergoes a partial arthroplasty. Its main indication is femoral neck fractures in the elderly. This type of arthroplasty It is not used in cases of degenerative disease.
When the two components of the joint (femur and pelvis) are replaced, we call that procedure total arthroplasty.
Hip prosthesis according to the fixation of the prosthetic components
- Cemented prostheses: They are prostheses that require bone cement to hold them to the bone. They are usually used in patients with osteoporosis.
- Uncemented: They are prostheses that do not need bone cement to fix them to the bone because they have a porous surface, which promotes bone growth around the prosthesis. This process is called osseointegration.
Hip prosthesis materials
A hip prosthesis It is made up of the following components:
- Stem, which is always metallic. It can be made of titanium, stainless steel (rarely used) or a Chromium-Cobalt alloy.
- Head, can be metallic (Chrome-Cobalt) or ceramic
- Insert, can be made of polymer (polyethylene) or ceramic
- acetabular component of the same material as the stem, always metallic (stainless steel, titanium or Chromium-Cobalt alloy)
Hip replacement surgery
Before performing the hip replacement operation, a series of medical examination tests will be performed on the patient.
This surgical intervention to replace the original hip or part of it is performed by a specialist trauma doctor. Hip arthroplasty is recommended for patients whose quality of life has decreased considerably due to the pain they experience, and who have used conventional treatments without success.
Symptoms for implanting a hip prosthesis
The hip prosthesis aims to relieve the patient's pain, improving their quality of life and being able to return to physical activities that previously caused them discomfort.
This hip replacement is indicated for patients who have the following pathologies:
- Hip arthrosis: occurs due to the deterioration of the cartilage of said joint. The pain is focused in the groin area, and can extend to the thigh and knee area.
- Rheumatoid arthritis: It is a type of arthritis that occurs when the immune system damages the covering of the joints, causing deformation of the joints and loss of bone density.
- Hip fracture: It is caused by the breakage of the femur, the bone that connects the knee joint to the hip joint (pelvic bone). This fracture usually occurs in the neck of the femur or in the intertrochanteric area.
Hip prosthesis care
Once the hip replacement operation has been performed, the patient must follow the instructions of their trauma doctor. Some of them may be: elevating the leg, washing the wound, sitting in high chairs or wearing a specific type of footwear.
Hip revision prosthesis
Sometimes, after a few years of hip arthroplasty, a replacement of the prosthesis is necessary. In these cases, a revision prosthesis is used. The hip revision operation It takes place when a hip prosthesis has been previously performed, and this produces failures over time. As in any surgical intervention, a prior medical diagnosis must be made to evaluate the condition of the prosthesis and diagnose the failure that causes pain to the patient.
How long does it take to recover from a hip replacement?
Care after hip replacement surgery will depend on the patient's previous clinical conditions. It is usually possible to walk on the second day after surgery. However, it is vitally important that the patient perform physiotherapy exercises for rehabilitation after hip replacement.
77 thoughts on “Información sobre la operación de prótesis de cadera”
Hello, I am 38 years old and they told me that they have to operate on my hip because I have osteoarthritis, but the doctor told me that the hip that they are going to put on me will not last long since it is for adults and since I am so young It will not last long and I would like to know if there is something better for me that will last so that I only have to have surgery once. Is there a better quality hip for younger people?
Hello Romina!
If you want you can write to us at our email [email protected] explaining to us in more detail and we will try to give you a concrete solution to your problem.
All the best!
Hello, I have the same question, since I am 26 years old and a hip dislocation has already evolved into severe osteoarthritis of the hip, I am literally hanging by a thread. They told me that I am in for surgery but that I am very young and that I must lose weight so that I can resist a little more (because even replacements have a lifespan) and that my spine will not be affected either, that when I have to take medication for the Pain will come at the time of surgery and they will put in a ceramic replacement. But I don't know if there are other ways...? Or if after being replaced when it no longer works it can be replaced again...?
Hello, Jorami!
Thanks for your comment. In any case, in patients with hip pathologies it is recommended to control body weight, since with greater weight there is greater pressure on the bones that causes wear on them. We recommend that you visit a specialized traumatologist, who will be the best person to advise you. If you have any questions, write to our email [email protected]
All the best!
Romina, hello! It's embarrassing for others, with the specialists, who recommend what you say! There are special prostheses for athletes, and for people with severe problems, they last more than 25 years, and are of high physical performance. Look for a recommended traumatologist, tell him to be honest and frank, which one do you recommend? How many kinds of prostheses are there? How much more is the cost? Because I think it is 400,000, more expensive, but how much would another surgery after 3 years cost?
Hello good evening,
A priori, prostheses designed for young patients are not nearly as expensive. They are indeed more expensive than those that wear out more quickly, but nothing to do with what you mention.
The ideal is to review it in consultation and explain it carefully.
all the best
Excuse me, have you already had surgery? I don't know how old you are, but I had a hip prosthesis when I was 20 and we didn't consult with different doctors, only with the diagnosis of one and he gave me a prosthesis for an elderly person, after a few years I started to see myself again because I fell and this doctor told me that this prosthesis was not for me, it was for a person 60 years old or older and they are going to operate on me to put on a better quality one that matches my age and lasts longer than the one I had. If you haven't had surgery, check it out with your doctor.
Hello, I need a hip prosthesis, if you have already had surgery, where do you get treatment? What type of best quality prosthesis did they give you? And how much did it cost you? The truth is I'm stressed about this...thank you
All hip proteins only last a maximum of 10, 15 or 20 years, it depends on the care, such as maintaining your appropriate weight, etc. Usually the operation is performed until after 60 years of age, preferably so that it is only an intervention since if the operation is performed at 40, by 60, the replacement would have to be done.
I have one installed that is 30 years old and now it's worn out; the condyle needs to be replaced.
Hi Federico, when a prosthesis shows wear after so many years, it's common to consider replacing the affected component (like the condyle) after X-rays and examination. The most important thing is to confirm stability and plan the surgery safely and in a personalized way.
Hello, my name is María de los Ángeles. I had a total hip replacement on my right hip 14 years ago. I was the youngest patient in Argentina at the time (36 years old). My doctor, Alejandro Salem (from Entre Ríos, a Master) and a wonderful person, told me that I might need a replacement every 10 years, but medicine has advanced so much. I currently have checkups every two years or so, but he tells me that it's as good as new and that I'll be around for a long time!
Hello María de los Ángeles, thank you for sharing your experience. We're glad to hear that your prosthesis is still in excellent condition after 14 years; with regular checkups and good clinical progress, many prostheses last much longer than expected. Keep it up!
Hello, good morning, my mother is a lupus patient and she fell and has a fracture in her hip, coming to the conclusion that they will perform a partial arthroplasty. My question is, in the long term, do we have to operate on her again?
Hello, Marinela!
We are sorry to hear about your mother's situation and wish her a speedy recovery. If you want you can write to us at our email [email protected] where you can provide us with more complete information.
All the best!
Hi, I'm Milagro. I had hip surgery two months ago, and my unoperated leg is 3cm shorter, and I can't walk because it causes pain in my spine and I have no balance. What's the solution for my problem? Thank you.
Hello Milagro,
Thank you for sharing your situation. After hip surgery, leg length discrepancies may occur, which can lead to gait imbalances, lower back pain, and a feeling of instability, as you describe. A 3 cm discrepancy can significantly affect the body's biomechanics, so finding a personalized solution is essential.
One of the first measures is usually the use of an insole or orthotic support adjusted to the actual length difference to compensate for the difference in height and reduce the impact on the spine. In addition, an evaluation by a trauma or rehabilitation specialist is recommended to confirm whether the difference is structural or functional, and to design an appropriate treatment plan.
Specialized physical therapy is also key to improving balance, strengthening the muscles involved in walking, and preventing further discomfort.
If you wish, we can help you coordinate an evaluation with our team to comprehensively assess your case and find the best solution for your recovery.
Greetings.
Hello, I am Patricia Zaragoza, I need total hip replacement, I have osteopenia in the hip and I would like to know what risk I run when having surgery, could my hip or femur be fractured?
Hi Patricia!
There does not have to be any risk if the intervention is carried out by specialist traumatologists. If you want, write to our email [email protected] where we can give you all the information you need.
All the best!
Hello Doctor!! Do you already work with ceramic surface prostheses that are so fashionable in the UK and that seems like a good solution? Thank you so much.
Dear Kin,
Thanks for your question! At Clínica Elgeadi we do work with ceramic surface prostheses.
Our team has contacted you to schedule a consultation and see the best treatment for your case.
We remain at your disposal if you have any questions.
Receive a cordial greeting,
Elgeadi Clinic
Hello
I am 51 years old and I had surgery a year ago for a titanium prosthesis in my right hip. I have been quite well and I want to know what type of exercise is recommended since I am quite active. Thank you so much
Jose Luis
Hello Jose Luis!
First of all, we are very happy that your recovery has been so positive. We recommend that you go to a physiotherapist who can evaluate your joint and prescribe the most appropriate exercises. If you have any questions, write to us at our email [email protected]
All the best!
Honorable group of doctors, let me tell you that it is a great pleasure to know that there are entities like yours available to people. Excuse my impertinence, I would like to know if I have to change both hips at the same time? I thank you in advance for your fine attention.
Good morning!
Thank you very much for reading and commenting on our blog. Regarding the doubt you mention, everything will depend on your pathology and symptoms. The best thing to do is to go to your trusted traumatologist so that he or she can perform a complete evaluation of the injury. If you have any questions, write to us at our email [email protected] where we will be happy to assist you.
All the best!
Hello! I want information about the latest in femur prosthesis
Hello, Aracely!
Thank you very much for your comment. Write to our email [email protected] where we can provide you with all the information you need.
All the best!
Dr. Excuse me for the question, I have been diagnosed with HIP ARTHRITIS, I urgently need a Hip Prosthesis implant, I am 71 years old, how much would a Titanium prosthesis cost me and more the operation, they should have already operated on me a year ago,, But the COVIS-19 pandemic has collapsed the entire health system. Operation costs have tripled their value before the pandemic. I don't know if I could afford the prosthesis.
That's why I would like to know the value of the Titanium Prosthesis in $us. or Eu. to see my reality and also the cost of the operation. Thank you very much for answering my question.
Good morning, Caesar!
We will be happy to help you. Write to our email [email protected] where we can provide you with all the information you need. We are waiting for your email.
All the best!
I would like to know the cost of the total hip prosthesis and what material is most recommended. I am 50 years old.
Hello, Martha!
If you wish, you can write to us at our email [email protected] to provide you with all the information you need,
All the best!
Hello, afternoon, a question. I have problems with my hip on the left side. It prevents me from walking, running, driving, sitting, sitting, and during the exam, they measured that I need surgery. My question is, what is the cost of the surgery and how much does protosis cost? Thank you. At Julio Moncada.
Good morning, Julio.
Thanks for writing on our blog. We are sorry for the situation you are in. We recommend that you contact our team of expert hip traumatologists so that they can guide you regarding rates and procedures that we perform in our clinic. You can contact our experts in https://elgeaditraumatologia.com/contacto/ or if you prefer, write us an email at [email protected]
All the best.
Good morning, I am diagnosed with a total hip arthroplasty, I am 55 years old, I work on heavy machinery with a lot of movement, what type of prosthesis is recommended for heavy work with a lot of movement of going up and down machinery scales, the fear is not putting the adequate prosthesis and that caused me a greater dislocation problem, thank you, Erwin parra garcia
Hello, Erwin!
Thanks for your comment. Depending on your characteristics and symptoms, different types of prostheses could be valid. However, this must be determined with your report in front of you. Write to our email [email protected] where we will be happy to assist you.
All the best!
Hello good afternoon.
My mana is 68 years old and had a total left hip replacement, I have a doubt, because her left leg is now higher than her right, is this normal?
Hello Veronica!
The most appropriate thing is that you consult with the traumatologist who has handled your case, since they will be the ones who can give you the most informed answer. However, if you have any questions, write to us at our email [email protected]
All the best!
Good evening, Dr. I have a question. I have a 76-year-old aunt with TONIS III right hip osteoarthritis problems and she was diagnosed with having to have a hip prosthesis. My question is: what is the difference between a Thompson prosthesis and a Waldermar prosthesis? link not cemented.
Thanking you in advance for your response and advice, Luis Montero says goodbye
Hello Luis!
Thank you very much for reading and commenting on our blog. Write to our email [email protected] where we can resolve all the doubts that arise.
All the best!
Good morning, I am a very desperate mother because of what is happening to my son. Since he was 8 years old, he has been undergoing surgery for prostheses. He already has 25 operations and he doesn't want to know anything more. I ask him if they put a TITANIUM prosthesis every 15 years, they change him continuously. Its affectation is all femur, tibia up to the hip and pyrone fulfills the function of bones when I was a child tube canser I was 8 years old I am Graciela my email is: [email protected]
Hello Graciela!
It is best to visit a child traumatologist, as he or she will be more familiar with this type of injury. Write to our email [email protected] where we will be happy to answer your questions.
All the best!
Hello, they gave me a cementless prosthesis. Lepine DM 5 months ago. My surgeon still hasn't given me serious rehabilitation. It's right?
Hello Oscar!
In general terms, it would be advisable that, due to the time that has passed, you start your rehabilitation treatment now, with the aim of improving the mobility of your joint and strengthening the muscles in the area. Write to our email [email protected] if you have any questions.
All the best!
Hello, good morning, afternoon, evening, my father needs a hip prosthesis but he is infected and his bone is worn out. What materials is a hip prosthesis available and where can I get it? Thank you for your attention. Nice day.
Good morning, Alexander!
For issues as delicate as your father's, we cannot provide you with an accurate diagnosis without first carrying out a thorough examination and applying the best possible treatment. If you wish to make an appointment with the Elgeadi Traumatology team of traumatologists, you can make your appointment either call us by phone. All the best!
Good morning, I'm from Peru, my mother had surgery on her left hip due to a fracture, they put a cemented prosthesis on her, it's been two years since this, and the pain she has is horrible, she feels like an iron was being stabbed into her, that's what She explains to me, the Trau3 timo that we have visited, told me that that prosthesis is no longer used and they have to change it to a partial prosthesis, I don't know if it will be the right thing for her, my Mother is 88 years old, thank you very much
Good morning, Elizabeth.
You can explain your mother's pathology in detail on the contact page of Elgeadi Traumatology.
All the best.
Good evening, I am a physiotherapist, I am 39 years old, I had a collision accident. motorcycle car, I fractured the femur in the distal third, and I fractured the neck of the femur at the cervical base, I already have two operations, one on the femur where they placed a steel plate with 7 screws, a knee operation,
But I still need an operation on the posterior cruciate ligament and collaterals in my left knee and the most important one is that the doctor says that I have to have surgery. They wanted to put a nail in to correct the angle, now he says to put in a hip prosthesis, other opinions that I have I left it like this until when it is necessary, which will be the most recommended, in my case. Because of my work as well. It's been a year and 2 months since the accident.
My spine hurts a lot. I also have 2 herniated discs in my lumbar and I still walk on crutches.
Thank you .
Good morning Yoseling.
Thank you very much for your comment. In your case, we recommend you ask appointment with our trauma team, so that they can make a more precise diagnosis of the area and offer you the most appropriate treatment.
All the best.
Good evening, Dr. I have a consultation. My mother put a prosthesis on her hip after eight days. I don't know what happened. The prosthesis moved, that is, it came out of place and we took her to the clinic and they put it back in place and They immobilized her by putting a cast on her feet after 15 days and they removed the cast but the Dr told her that she did not require rehabilitation that she can continue her normal life. Is that correct or rehabilitation should be done or what care should I have for her? I appreciate your aid
Good morning, Silvia.
Thank you very much for commenting on our blog. It would be advisable to consult with a specialist traumatologist so that a thorough study of the area can be carried out and the appropriate treatment determined. You can contact our expert hip traumatologists for an individualized diagnosis and treatment. You can do it at this link: https://elgeaditraumatologia.com/contacto/
All the best.
Hello, I am 56 years old, about to turn 57. I suffered a traffic accident in September 1987 and suffered a hip dislocation, it was reduced and I was recovering, but the doctor warned me that with the passage of time a hip prosthesis would be necessary. The initial discomfort was in 2003, suddenly I felt a lot of pain when supporting my weight when walking, it was not constant but the same thing happened afterwards, later in 2006 or 2007 on occasions I could not get up and walk in consultation at the IMSS, the hotopedist told me that It was not yet time due to my age and they only prescribed painkillers, but by 10013 I already had a reduction in the limb of about one centimeter and now, in addition to the shortening of my right leg, I have lost muscle mass and if I walk a very moderate distance or prolonged it hurts from my hip to my calf, I have to bend down to stretch the tendon or I don't know if it's the muscle to relax it, if I sit for a long time it's the same or stand long enough. I present the head of the necrotic femur but now I do not have social security. My 9 question is if total hip replacement would be necessary or would it only be partial?
Good morning, Rodolfo.
Thank you very much for your comment on our blog. We are sorry for the situation you are in.
In your case, it is best to consult a hip traumatologist for a thorough diagnosis of the pathology and a personalized and appropriate treatment for your case. In our trauma clinic you can make an appointment with our hip experts at the following link: https://elgeaditraumatologia.com/cita-privada/
All the best.
Hello, I have a hip fracture, it hits badly and I can't sit or bend my knee but they didn't want to operate on me until I can sit down but the more I try I can't sit and after maybe he got upset now he wants to operate on me and he's going to put a prosthesis on me femoral it is possible that after the operation I can sit normally and I don't know if the knee could also clear my doubts xplease thank you
Good morning, Konami.
Thank you very much for leaving your comment on the blog. For the doubts you have, it is best to put yourself in the hands of a specialist traumatologist for your pathology, who, through a thorough diagnosis of the same, can determine the most appropriate treatment possible. You can contact the Elgeadi Traumatology team at the following link, our experts will be eager to help you: https://elgeaditraumatologia.com/contacto/
All the best.
Hello... I'm from Argentina, I'm 58 years old. When I was 3 years old I had surgery for congenital dislocation in both hips, leaving me more than fine for what it was like to have a hip operation in 1967. I've had a normal life, only 1cm difference on one leg. on the other since they had to insert a bone ring into me, I don't know how this part went. Today, 55 years later, I suffer from osteoarthritis of the hip. For years I have been going back and forth to traumatologists and everyone told me that I was too young to have surgery and today the pain takes away my quality of life. What prosthesis do you recommend? Can I run any risk as a result of my previous operation? Thanks for reading me. Greetings..!
Hello Esther,
Thank you very much for commenting on our blog. We recommend that you consult with a hip specialist so that they can make a complete medical diagnosis and determine the most appropriate treatment for your pathology. For any questions, do not hesitate to contact our expert hip traumatologists in the link provided.
All the best.
Good afternoon, to do this procedure, is the use of blood required in the operation? I need a prosthesis on my left hip, I have already seen all the questions answered
Now I just want to know if blood is required. My name is Margarita Esparza.
I am 51 years old
Thank you, I really liked your blog.
Very informative
Thank you
Hi Margie or Hello Margarite,
It is common to lose blood during and after hip replacement surgery. There is a percentage of patients who require blood transfusions for said intervention or after it.
Greetings.
Hello, I am Mª Carmen, when I was 35 and 35 years old they put prostheses on both hips and in 23 years they did not give me any problems, until February 2020 when I was already 58 years old. I had surgery on my left hip in August 2020 but the operation did not go well and I had surgery on the same hip again in November 2021. It took me almost a year to be able to walk but I managed it because the right one helped a lot. In January 2023 I had surgery on my right hip and four days after the operation the prosthesis came off and they operated on me again to put it in, but when I returned home I had tremendous pain, they took me to the emergency room and they sent me home recommending me that nothing was wrong, when I went to the consultation in May (because they couldn't make an appointment before) the orthopedic surgeon told me that I had to have surgery again. I had surgery on June 15, and after the operation they told me that I had a fissure in my pelvis and that they had put in a small plate and changed my prosthesis. Now I no longer have that intense pain that I had but I can't walk and the doctor tells me that he can't do anything else. I would like to have a second opinion. Now I am 62 years old. I live in Alcalá de Henares (Madrid) and I had surgery at the Príncipe de Asturias Hospital
Hello María del Carmen,
Obviously, it will be necessary to review your case in a second consultation.
You can make an appointment by calling 91 005 39 00
Greetings
I am a 75-year-old patient, 13 years ago I was implanted with a resurfacing surface prosthesis with extraordinary results to date. Now I have coxarthrosis in the other leg and I have been diagnosed for an implant on this side. But they tell me that now they don't wear the type I wear (surface) which has to be the usual conventional one. Could you tell me if there is full compatibility between the one that I now have on the surface and the one that would be implanted conventionally? Given the good results I've had with the first, I don't understand why the second has to be a different type.
Thank you very much and I hope your answer.
José
Hello Jose,
We would need to see your tests and perform a clinical examination to see the reason for the recommendation.
You can request a second opinion with one of our specialist traumatologists by calling 910053900
Greetings
Hello, my name is Jennifer, I am 23 years old and I need a prosthesis but I don't know which one. They removed a piece of bone from my pelvis because I had a tumor and now I need one to be able to walk again. If you could help me
Hi Jennifer,
If you need a prosthesis replacement, you can come to our office so that one of our traumatologists specializing in hip surgery can review it and see the steps to follow.
You can make an appointment by calling 91 005 39 00
Greetings
Good afternoon, I am writing to you from Lima Peru, I would like to know which email I can send you images and that you will help me by telling me if there is any solution for my husband who had surgery on his hip and they indicated that he could not put on the prosthesis, he is now with his hip. right, because he broke his femur. All of this was detected when he left the ICU in 2021 after 3 months in the ICU and he could not walk.
Thank you
Hello Liliana,
We would have to see it in consultation (we do not do this type of diagnosis by email).
You can write to us at [email protected] and evaluate possibilities.
Greetings
Hello, I'm María Carmen, I'm 59 years old, when I was three years old I had pyogenic arthritis and I had surgery and I was quite healthy, my right femur was deformed and now it's hurting, the orthopedist recommends surgery to place the femur and uncemented shell. Can you tell me what cementing involves and what material I should order my prosthesis based on my age. I wonder if the titanium one is better. The cost would help me a lot.
Hello Maria,
It is best that the materials and type of prosthesis be indicated by the doctor who knows your medical history, since there are too many factors that influence the choice.
Greetings
Good morning, I am 68 years old, a month ago I had a revision operation on my left hip and the traumatologist recommended that I immobilize it for 6 weeks, they only changed the acetabular, the previous prosthesis lasted me 21 years without any discomfort, why did they give me so much time without moving with this operation, the surgeries were performed by the IMSS in the state of Veracruz, thank you
Good morning Victor,
The recommended immobilization time after hip revision may be longer due to the complexity of the surgery and to ensure proper integration of the new acetabular component. In addition, it is crucial to allow proper tissue healing and avoid complications. Although the first prosthesis worked well for 21 years, each surgery is different, and recovery times may vary. Follow your orthopedic surgeon's instructions to ensure a successful recovery.
Greetings.
Hello, I urgently need information about my dad; he needs hip surgery. Thank you.
Hello Dayana,
Thank you very much for contacting us. You can write to us at [email protected] or call us at (+34) 910 05 39 00 so that our team can advise you and provide you with the necessary information for your father's case.
Greetings.
Good afternoon
My mother is 75 years old. At 50, she had an accident and had a hip replacement.
Ten years later she fell and had a replacement. Seven years later, that prosthesis shifted into her pelvis.
She's scheduled for a high-risk operation on April 9, 2026. Apparently, they're going to remove the entire prosthesis and leave her with nothing because there's nothing left to support it. I'm afraid my mom won't survive the operation. Do you know how serious the risk is?
thank you
Hi Veronica, in complex hip replacements with migration to the pelvis, the risk can be higher due to bone loss and the length of the surgery. Even so, the team calculates the actual risk and optimizes the patient's treatment beforehand for maximum safety.
Excuse me, can an 82-year-old patient have hip surgery? She has no other illnesses, only joint degeneration.
Yes, hip surgery is possible at age 82 if the patient is in good general health. Age alone is not a prerequisite: the patient is evaluated with blood tests, cardiology/anesthesia assessments, and imaging studies to confirm the indication, minimize risks, and determine the safest technique.